SAT寫作常見的論證方法
2025-06-26 11:34:30 來源:中國教育在線
單從寫作角度講,論證方法,也就是常說的論據(jù)主要有以下幾類,下面中國教育在線的小編帶你解答這個(gè)問題!
一 例證法。(包括名人偉人、歷史事件、文學(xué)作品、無名人物、親身經(jīng)歷等)
二 引用法。(包括名人名言、引經(jīng)據(jù)典、引用數(shù)據(jù)等)
三 類比法。
四 讓步法。
五 假設(shè)法。
六 求異法。
毫無疑問,其中最常用的就是例證法,舉例子支持自己的觀點(diǎn)。但在官方給出的滿分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中明確有一條:……, using clearly appropriate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its position. (使用清晰的合適的例子,理由及其他證據(jù)支持觀點(diǎn)。)
因此如果考生對自己的要求比較高,希望拿到一個(gè)滿分或接近滿分的成績,顯然僅僅通過舉例子這個(gè)方法是不夠的,也請大家在上課的時(shí)候重視除了例證法之外的其他方法。
至于第二個(gè)問題,是否SAT寫作一定要寫兩個(gè)例子,答案顯然也是否定的。關(guān)于這點(diǎn),我們可以參照官方指南第123頁上的滿分作文。題目是” Is there always another explanation or another point of view?”。 (是否總是有另一種解釋或觀點(diǎn)?)作者通過描述一個(gè)具體的歷史事件1929年10月4日美國股市崩盤引出大蕭條”The Great Depression”所帶來的災(zāi)難性的影響,和由此所引發(fā)的羅斯福FDR改革新政對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的巨大利處來證明 自己的觀點(diǎn)”There is always a however.”(萬事皆有但是。)整篇文章一氣呵成,行文老練,絲絲入理,語言精妙建議各位考生仔細(xì)研讀并學(xué)習(xí)。
其實(shí)除了具體而詳細(xì)的例子之外,我們也可以用排比句將小而短的例子串起來,形成有氣勢的論證。比如官方指南第699頁的題目:Can success be disastrous?(成功可以是災(zāi)難性的?)在滿分范文中就有這樣的一段論 證非常漂亮。
Throughout history, we have seen success used wrongfully in the hands of the unworthy. Powerful leaders of nations, kingdoms, and empires, having succeeded in gaining leadership, have then used their influence wrongfully in achieving their own selfish (and sometimes twisted) goals. Nero, the Roman emperor who beat his pregnant wife to death and has been suspected of instigating the great fire of Rome in an attempt to boost his own political influence; Henry VIII of England, for whom women were beheaded for not bearing him a son, and who is rumored to have eaten eight chickens a night while English peasants starved; The notorious Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, who carried out the Spanish Inquisition… The list is endless. Even in literature, we see the corruption and downfall of society and mankind as a whole as a result of the abuse of success in the possession of those who do not deserve it, as seen in William Shakespeare’s tragedy of King Lear. In the story, societal order is replaced with chaos when there is a power shift from Lear to his evil daughters, Regan and Goneril. This order only returns to a slight degree when virtue (in the form of Lear’s good daughter, Cordelia) returns to England. Success is hazardous when awarded to the unvirtuous.
(縱觀歷史,可見不肖之徒妄用手中的成功。那些強(qiáng)大的帝王領(lǐng)袖成功獲取了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán),又妄用其影響力以實(shí)現(xiàn)自己自私的(有時(shí)是變態(tài)的)目的。羅馬皇帝尼祿(Nero)將懷孕的妻子鞭打致死,有人懷疑,他曾為了擢升自 己的政治影響力而點(diǎn)燃羅馬大火;英國國王亨利八世(Henry VIII of England)因?yàn)榕藳]能為他生下王子而將其送上斷頭臺(tái),據(jù)傳,在英國農(nóng)民忍饑挨餓的時(shí)候,他卻能一晚上吃掉8只雞;還有西班牙臭名昭著的費(fèi)迪南德和伊 莎貝拉(Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain),他們在西班牙設(shè)立起進(jìn)行異端審判的宗教法庭。名單無窮無盡。即使在文學(xué)作品里,我們也能看見因?yàn)楸静慌涞玫匠晒Φ娜藶E用成功而對整個(gè)社會(huì)和人類造成的腐敗和衰落,正如 我們在威廉·莎士比亞的悲劇《李爾王》(King Lear)中所見的那樣。故事中,當(dāng)李爾王將權(quán)力移交給邪惡的女兒瑞根和高納里爾后,混亂取代了社會(huì)秩序,只有當(dāng)美德(以李爾王的好女兒考蒂利亞偉化身)回歸英國之后,秩序 才稍稍恢復(fù)。當(dāng)成功落入無德之人手中時(shí),成功是危險(xiǎn)的。)
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