雅思聽(tīng)力中關(guān)鍵詞后置的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧

近年來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)學(xué)子選擇留學(xué)，那其中雅思聽(tīng)力中關(guān)鍵詞后置的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧？本文則針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，為大家整理了資料，接下來(lái)咱們就一起往下了解吧。

雅思聽(tīng)力中關(guān)鍵詞后置的應(yīng)對(duì)技巧

一、句式間的轉(zhuǎn)變

句式間的轉(zhuǎn)變，顧名思義，指的是題目中看到的句式與音頻中聽(tīng)到的句式發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵詞在句子中的位置發(fā)生了變動(dòng)，主要包括陳述句與疑問(wèn)句的轉(zhuǎn)變、被動(dòng)句與主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)變。

題目：The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by local craftsmen who lived in the area. (C4T1S2 Q12)

原文：At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the river.

解析：通過(guò)對(duì)比題目與原文我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，出題者通過(guò)被動(dòng)句與主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)變，巧妙地將原本出現(xiàn)在空格前面的關(guān)鍵詞metal industry的同義詞iron forge及established的同義詞built放置在了答案local craftsmen的后面，再加上不熟悉的同義轉(zhuǎn)化，大大地提升了難度。

題目：Undiscovered materials may be damaged by fires. (C7T1S4 Q38)

原文：And certainly don't make fires, however romantic it may seem. It's really dangerous in dry areas. And you can easily burn undiscovered priceless materials by doing so.

解析：同上述例子類(lèi)似，題目中的被動(dòng)句在音頻中被換成了主動(dòng)句，導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵詞后置。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：加強(qiáng)對(duì)題目中的被動(dòng)句的熟悉度，分析空格所填的詞性及大致內(nèi)容，聽(tīng)題時(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)主動(dòng)句的敏感度和理解力。

題目：The presentation will not be assessed. (C7T4S3 Q22)

原文：-Is this one going to be assessed?

-No, not this time round.

解析：通過(guò)對(duì)比題目與原文我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，出題者通過(guò)陳述句與疑問(wèn)句的轉(zhuǎn)變，同樣巧妙地將關(guān)鍵詞not放置在答案的后面。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：這類(lèi)題一般出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話場(chǎng)景較多，注意把握對(duì)話中提問(wèn)者與回答者的說(shuō)話節(jié)奏，同時(shí)注意語(yǔ)氣的變化、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、強(qiáng)調(diào)詞及否定詞。

二、代詞所指代的含義

代詞所指代的含義導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵詞后置指的是當(dāng)聽(tīng)到關(guān)鍵詞時(shí)，關(guān)鍵詞所在的名詞主語(yǔ)被換成了代詞，導(dǎo)致無(wú)法回憶前面所講的內(nèi)容。主要包括人稱(chēng)代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞。其中，常見(jiàn)的人稱(chēng)代詞有you, we, us, they, he, him, she, her, them等。常見(jiàn)的指示代詞有this, that, these, those等。常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞有which, that, whose, where, when等。

題目：A problem with Asian Honey Bees is that they _________ (C8T2S3 Q22)

A. attack native bees.

B. carry parasites.

C. damage crops.

原文：-What's wrong with Asian Honey Bees? Are they so different from Australian bees?

-Well, in fact, they look almost the same, but they are infested with mites- microscopic creatures which live on them, and which can seriously damage our own home-grown bees or could even wipe them out.

解析：當(dāng)聽(tīng)到題目中的關(guān)鍵詞problem的同義詞wrong后，如果沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂but they are infested with mites, 則會(huì)把重點(diǎn)放在下一句話which can seriously damage our own home-grown bees, 由于沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到或不理解關(guān)系代詞which所指代的含義，從而掉入陷阱選項(xiàng)A中。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：加強(qiáng)對(duì)音頻中的人稱(chēng)代詞的敏感度，理解人稱(chēng)代詞所指代的含義。

題目：Ask your tutor to arrange a password with the technical support team. (C6T1S3 Q25)

原文：Your tutor will need to arrange with the technical support team for you to get a password, so ask him or her about it when you start the course.

解析：當(dāng)聽(tīng)到空格后面的關(guān)鍵詞password, technical support team后，考生會(huì)努力回憶之前所講的內(nèi)容，可能無(wú)法回憶，然后又聽(tīng)到了另一關(guān)鍵詞ask, 可惜ask后面沒(méi)有說(shuō)your tutor, 而是用了人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格him or her, 從而導(dǎo)致更加無(wú)法回憶之前所講的內(nèi)容。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：多做長(zhǎng)句子的復(fù)述練習(xí)，培養(yǎng)瞬間記憶力和理解力。

三、介詞短語(yǔ)在句子中的位置的變動(dòng)

題目：Wise men may have been trying to control wild animals with magic. (C7T1S4 Q35)

原文：They believed they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn.

解析：在題目中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分的介詞短語(yǔ)with___被音頻中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的they could use___所替換，導(dǎo)致關(guān)鍵詞animals后置。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：注意介詞短語(yǔ)在句子中的位置及所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，加?qiáng)對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)在音頻中對(duì)應(yīng)的同義結(jié)構(gòu)及位置的熟悉。

四、定語(yǔ)后置

題目：Excellent _______. (C5T3S3 Q30)

原文：I thought student support was excellent.

解析：題目中位于空格前面的定語(yǔ)excellent, 在音頻中卻出現(xiàn)在空格的后面，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致無(wú)法回憶答案的情況。

應(yīng)對(duì)策略：提升對(duì)題目的預(yù)判能力，加強(qiáng)對(duì)定語(yǔ)或其同義詞的敏感度。

雅思聽(tīng)力中的關(guān)鍵詞后置分析

1. 前置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

前置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞或形容詞的關(guān)鍵詞。

在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21

--Read IT ___________.

錄音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.

解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把名詞前置定語(yǔ)變成分詞后置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例2：Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 3 Question 30

--Excellent ___________.

錄音：F: OK, any other comments?

M: I thought student support was excellent.

解析：通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例3：Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 3 Question 24

--Reduced ___________ for students.

錄音：students pay an annual fee that’s much less than the general public pay.

解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把形容詞前置定語(yǔ)變成從句后置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，同時(shí)伴隨reduced的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

2. 后置定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

后置定語(yǔ)在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞如“名詞-介詞(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名詞-分詞”。

在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15

--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.

錄音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.

解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把介詞短語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)變成名詞前置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 22

--Spoken to Jane Prince

Head of the _____________.

錄音：F: Jane Prince, do you know her? She’s in the Computer Centre.

M: Yes, of course, she is the new head.

解析：通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例3： Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32

--New technology allowed the production of goods made of ________ and ________

錄音：The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.

解析：通過(guò)修辭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，把分詞后置定語(yǔ)變成名詞前置定語(yǔ)，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

小結(jié)：1和2類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞后置通常出現(xiàn)于Section2-4的大表格填空中。

考生須要在讀題時(shí)事先判斷易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的題目，并且對(duì)答案進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè);而后在聽(tīng)題時(shí)利用預(yù)測(cè)捕捉答案，后置的關(guān)鍵詞起確認(rèn)答案的作用。

因此在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要熟悉聽(tīng)力題目中常見(jiàn)的容易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)視覺(jué)敏感度;并且熟練掌握語(yǔ)法上定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

3. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

主謂賓在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)名詞(主語(yǔ))和動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))的關(guān)鍵詞。

在錄音中則經(jīng)常通過(guò)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)換，以及謂語(yǔ)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，或者其它句式變化，將名詞關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12

--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.

--National services depart from _____________ railway station.

錄音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute lines and regional services.

M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.

F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.

解析：Q11通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，Q12通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14

--The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.

錄音：There’s a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of a first class ticket.

解析：通過(guò)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨price-cost的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38

--The first motion picture was called The__________________.

錄音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.

解析：通過(guò)句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置，伴隨motion picture-movie的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

4. 從句結(jié)構(gòu)

從句在考題中出現(xiàn)的形式為“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出現(xiàn)從句連接詞(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。

在錄音中則通過(guò)調(diào)換連接詞前后分句的次序，將填空前的關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37

--Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.

--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.

錄音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.

解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40

--In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.

錄音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.

解析：通過(guò)調(diào)換從句中兩個(gè)分句的位置，完成關(guān)鍵詞后置。

3和4類(lèi)關(guān)鍵詞后置通常出現(xiàn)于Section2-4的句子填空中。

考生須要在讀題時(shí)事先判斷易出現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞后置的題目，并且對(duì)答案進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè);而后在聽(tīng)題時(shí)利用預(yù)測(cè)捕捉答案，后置的關(guān)鍵詞起確認(rèn)答案的作用。

雅思聽(tīng)力如何抓關(guān)鍵詞

遞進(jìn)和并列

同學(xué)們?cè)谟?xùn)練雅思聽(tīng)力時(shí)，聽(tīng)到這類(lèi)詞表遞進(jìn)和并列的詞時(shí)，他們前后的詞匯都不要忽略，但要把重點(diǎn)放在后面的詞匯上，因?yàn)檫@類(lèi)詞本身就表示同一事物意思的遞進(jìn)和增補(bǔ)。表示遞進(jìn)和并列的詞匯包括and/besides/moreover/in addition等等。

例如，你會(huì)看到題目：To open an account, you should take___ and a letter of enrolment.

你會(huì)聽(tīng)到錄音：In addition to this, most banks ask you to bring your passport and your letter or certificate of enrolment.

比較和對(duì)比

同學(xué)們?cè)趥淇佳潘悸?tīng)力時(shí)，要注意表示比較和對(duì)比的詞匯，基本詞匯是as...as..., than, in contrast/by contrast.提醒大家的是，有一些詞本身就是表示比較的含義的，單純看詞形是不知道比較關(guān)系的，這類(lèi)詞要重點(diǎn)掌握，往往是考點(diǎn)，他們包括 overrun，outstrip，exceed，outdo，outweigh，surpass，rather than等,甚至beat都是用來(lái)表對(duì)比的。

例如，

1). 你會(huì)看到題目：More cans are produced than nails or _____.

你會(huì)聽(tīng)到錄音：It outstrips the production of nails or paper clips.

2). 你會(huì)看到題目：一個(gè)物體填空題，填各部分名稱(chēng)，并給一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介紹。題目：____at base.

你會(huì)聽(tīng)到錄音：It's thicker at bottom.

3). 你會(huì)看到題目：School B wins school A in_____.

你會(huì)聽(tīng)到錄音：School A outdoes school B in swimming while school B has its strength,it beats school A in basketball.

轉(zhuǎn)折和否定

雅思聽(tīng)力備考時(shí)要重點(diǎn)聽(tīng)這類(lèi)詞后面的話，因?yàn)檫@些詞暗示考生說(shuō)話者下面要講的是全新的信息，與剛才提到的內(nèi)容是不同的，所以才否定，才轉(zhuǎn)折，這類(lèi)詞后面的信息是考察重點(diǎn)，這類(lèi)詞包括However，but，yet，on second thoughts，on the other hand以及No, not really。尤其不要忽略表達(dá)否定意義的單詞如，rarely, seldom, never, little, few, scarcely, hardly等。

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